About the Authors

Julia C. Quindlen

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Victor K. Lai

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, United States of America

Victor H. Barocas

baroc001@umn.edu

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JCQ VKL VHB. Performed the experiments: JCQ. Analyzed the data: JCQ VHB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: VKL VHB. Wrote the paper: JCQ VHB.