About the Authors

Raya Ahmed

Contributed equally to this work with: Raya Ahmed, Liset Westera

Affiliation Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Liset Westera

Contributed equally to this work with: Raya Ahmed, Liset Westera

Affiliation Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Julia Drylewicz

Affiliations Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Marjet Elemans

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Yan Zhang

Affiliation Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Elizabeth Kelly

Affiliation Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Rajko Reljic

Affiliation Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Kiki Tesselaar

Affiliation Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Rob J. de Boer

Affiliation Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Derek C. Macallan

‡ DCM, JAMB and BA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom

José A. M. Borghans

‡ DCM, JAMB and BA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Becca Asquith

b.asquith@imperial.ac.uk

‡ DCM, JAMB and BA also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BA ME JAMB DCM RA RR LW JD KT RJB. Performed the experiments: RA YZ LW EK RR. Analyzed the data: BA ME LW JAMB KT RJB RA JD DCM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BA ME RA DCM YZ RR EK LW JD KT RJB JAMB. Wrote the paper: BA JAMB RJB LW JD KT DCM ME.