About the Authors

Pengxing Cao

Affiliation Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Ada W. C. Yan

Affiliation Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Jane M. Heffernan

Affiliations Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Centre for Disease Modelling, York Institute for Health Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stephen Petrie

Affiliation Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Robert G. Moss

Affiliation Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Louise A. Carolan

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Teagan A. Guarnaccia

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Anne Kelso

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Ian G. Barr

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Jodie McVernon

Affiliations Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Modelling and Simulation, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Karen L. Laurie

Affiliation WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

James M. McCaw

jamesm@unimelb.edu.au

Affiliations Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, Modelling and Simulation, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMH LAC TAG AK IGB JM KLL JMM. Performed the experiments: LAC TAG KLL. Analyzed the data: LAC TAG AK IGB KLL JMM. Wrote the paper: PC AWCY JMH SP RGM IGB JM KLL JMM. Conceived and designed the model: PC AWCY JMH SP RGM JM JMM. Performed the simulations: PC AWCY Interpreted the simulation results: PC AWCY JMH SP RGM JM KLL JMM.