About the Authors

Zachary D. Kurtz

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Christian L. Müller

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Emily R. Miraldi

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Dan R. Littman

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Martin J. Blaser

Affiliation Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America

Richard A. Bonneau

rb133@nyu.edu

Affiliations Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America, Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ZDK CLM ERM RAB. Performed the experiments: ZDK CLM ERM. Analyzed the data: ZKD CLM ERM RAB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ZKD CLM ERM. Wrote the paper: ZKD CLM ERM DRL MJB RAB.