About the Authors

Jian Tian

Contributed equally to this work with: Jian Tian, Jaie C. Woodard

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Jaie C. Woodard

Contributed equally to this work with: Jian Tian, Jaie C. Woodard

Affiliation Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andrew Whitney

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eugene I. Shakhnovich

shakhnovich@chemistry.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EIS JCW JT. Performed the experiments: JT JCW. Analyzed the data: EIS JT JCW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AW. Wrote the paper: EIS JT JCW.