About the Authors
- Daniel K. Wells
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Affiliations Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Northwestern University Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Yishan Chuang
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Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Louis M. Knapp
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Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Dirk Brockmann
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Current address: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
Affiliations Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Northwestern University Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Northwestern Institute on Complex Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- William L. Kath
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Affiliations Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Northwestern University Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Northwestern Institute on Complex Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Joshua N. Leonard
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* E-mail: j-leonard@northwestern.edu
Affiliations Northwestern University Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: DKW YC LMK DB WLK JNL. Performed the experiments: DKW. Analyzed the data: DKW WLK JNL. Wrote the paper: DKW YC JNL.