About the Authors

Diane M. Longo

Contributed equally to this work with: Diane M. Longo, Jangir Selimkhanov

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jangir Selimkhanov

Contributed equally to this work with: Diane M. Longo, Jangir Selimkhanov

Affiliations Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jeffrey D. Kearns

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jeff Hasty

Affiliations Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Alexander Hoffmann

ahoffmann@ucsd.edu (AH); ltsimring@ucsd.edu (LST)

Affiliations San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Lev S. Tsimring

ahoffmann@ucsd.edu (AH); ltsimring@ucsd.edu (LST)

Affiliations San Diego Center for Systems Biology, La Jolla, California, United States of America, BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JH AH LST. Performed the experiments: DML JS JDK. Analyzed the data: DML JS JH AH LST. Wrote the paper: DML JS AH LST.