About the Authors

Ranjan V. Mannige

rvmannige@lbl.gov

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Charles L. Brooks

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Eugene I. Shakhnovich

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RVM CLB EIS. Performed the experiments: RVM. Analyzed the data: RVM CLB EIS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CLB EIS. Wrote the paper: RVM EIS.