Fig 1.
Schematic illustration of the study protocol.
The day before scheduled surgery patients completed the Demographic, B-MEPS tool, and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Then, patients underwent a series of experimental pain tests: Pressure pain threshold (PPT), pressure pain tolerance (PPTol) and conditioned pain modulation test (CPM) and blood sample analysis. During postoperative days 1–3 pain-related outcomes were assessed, including postoperative rest pain and movement-evoked pain intensity, and morphine Rehabilitation Questionnaire (QoR-15) was applied on the 3rd day.
Table 1.
The refined version of B-MEPS tool.
Instruction to patients: “These questions aim to assess your feelings of stress related to the perioperative period”.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the study.
Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics, preoperative predictors and postoperative outcomes (n = 150).
Table 3.
Spearman’s rank correlation matrix for preoperative, transoperative, and postoperative variables.
Table 4.
Coefficients from generalized linear model of preoperative emotional stress (B-MEPS) and preoperative predictors.
Table 5.
MANCOVA model for pre- and postoperative pain variables comparing low or high psychological stress according to B-MEPS tool*.
Table 6.
Parameter estimates from repeated measures of Visual analogue scale for movement-evoked pain intensity using mixed model analysis.
Table 7.
Generalized linear model with dependent variable morphine consumption in 48 hours.
Table 8.
Result for univariate analysis of variance for QoR-15 rehabilitation.
Fig 3.
Infographic of preoperative emotional stress and postoperative pain.
Fig 4.
Acute movement-evoked postoperative pain at 12, 24 and 48 hours.
NPS 0–3: low pain, NPS 4–6: moderate pain, NPS 7–10: severe pain. NPS, Numeric Pain Scale.