Table 1.
Definition of terms used for the analysis of predation success.
Fig 1.
Overview of Chaoborus obscuripes larval head morphology.
left: microscopic image, right: micro-CT based reconstruction. ant = antenna basis; ase = antenna’s setae; cey = compound eye; lab = labral setae; mabe = musculus abductor epipharyngis; mabm = musculus abductor mandibulae; made = musculus adductor epipharyngis; madm = musculus adductor mandibulae; maf = mandibular fan; man = mandible; max = maxilla; mra = musculus retractor antennae; pre = prelabral appendages; rhi = rhinopharynx; ros = rostrum. Scale bar = 500 μm.
Fig 2.
Reconstruction of Chaoborus obscuripes larva’s mandibles and maxillae in ventral (i) and proximal (ii) views and in cross section (iii).
bif = bifurcation of the fan bristle bases; man = mandible; maf = mandibular fan; max = maxilla. Scale bar = 200 μm.
Fig 3.
Reconstruction of the rhinopharynx of Chaoborus obscuripes larva in anterior (i) lateral (ii) and posterior (iii) view.
Scale bar = 100 μm.
Fig 4.
Time series of a Chaoborus obscuripes catching event.
Larva preys on a defended D. pulex (8000 fps). a) -29.1 ms b) 0 ms c) 3.9 ms d) 6,2ms e) 8 ms f) 9.7 ms g) 12.7 ms h) 14.9 ms i) 21.8 ms j) 27.9 ms k) 50.9 ms l) 83.4 ms m) 117 ms n) 181.4 ms o) 280.8 ms. Scale bar = 1000 μm. See supplementary video (S1 Movie).
Fig 5.
The animated surface model (b, d, f, h, j) of the Chaoborus obscuripes larva shown with the corresponding frames from high-speed recordings (a, c, e, g, i), displayed D. pulex with defensive neckteeth (i). Scale bar = 500 μm.
Fig 6.
Surface model of the Chaoborus obscuripes larval head capsule with closed (left) and opened (right) catching basket. Scale bar = 500 μm.
Fig 7.
Chaoborus obscuripes catching efficiency (n = 11, t-test, level of significances: p<0.05 ‘*’, p<0.01 ‘**’, p<0.001 ‘***’) A) Overall prey capture efficiency of larvae in the predation experiments B) Detailed analysis of predatory efficiency at different steps during the predation event. All boxplots show median, interquartile range (IQR) as box and 1.5xIQR as whiskers.