Fig 1.
Optical motion tracking markers and FES electrodes positioning.
Fig 2.
Peak knee internal rotation torque across twelve subjects during normal and FES gait.
Fig 3.
Knee joint torques in three planes for one representative subject during normal and FES gait (mass 48.9kg, height 1.60m): (a) transverse, (b) sagittal, and (c) frontal planes.
Fig 4.
Anterior shear force for one representative subject (mass 48.9kg, height 1.60m) using standard and revised optimisation methods with different values of c.
The activation of biceps femoris long head is expressed as a c value. The arrow indicates that the peak anterior shear force was reduced to zero with c = 0.30 in the revised optimisation.
Fig 5.
Peak anterior shear force using standard and revised optimisation methods (n = 12, c = 0.208).
Fig 6.
Knee joint compressive forces using standard and revised optimisation: (a) medial, (b) lateral, (c) total force (n = 12).
Fig 7.
Patella tendon force using standard and revised optimisation (n = 12).