Fig 1.
Hypothesis of the effects of the urban vegetation (street trees and landscape characteristics) and human related variables on the urban bird community inhabiting streets.
In Figures 1C and 1D, darker colors represent higher response variables values (taxonomic data and functional diversity indices).
Fig 2.
Southern region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil), with the point count locations where birds were observed on the streets of the study area.
The circles represent 140m radius buffers around each sampling point. Urban vegetation elements and census sectors are highlighted within one of the 140m radius buffers. Arboreal and herbaceous vegetation data was obtained from Pena et al. [26].
Table 1.
Functional traits used to calculate the functional diversity indices for the bird community inhabiting the streets of the southern region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Table 2.
Predictor variables selected to assess the influences of human impacts and urban vegetation on taxonomic data and functional diversity indices of the bird community inhabiting the streets of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
Table 3.
Bird species observed resting or performing behaviors (such as nesting or feeding), and the total number of individuals (abundance) and number of point counts in which they were observed through the streets of the southern region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
Scientific names and taxonomic order according to Piacentini et al. [46].
Fig 3.
Best ranked univariate models, showing the negative influence of the exposure to noise (Average Equivalent Continuous Sound Level—Leq) on Species Richness (SRich), Functional Richness (FRic) and Rao’s Quadratic Index (RaoQ), of the bird community inhabiting the streets of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
Fig 4.
Patterns obtained in the multivariate models assessing the effects of the exposure to noise (Average Equivalent Continuous Sound Level—Leq) and urban vegetation variables on the taxonomic data and functional diversity indices of the bird community inhabiting the streets of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil).
Tnative: proportion of the abundance of native street tree species; Trich: street tree species richness; Tcanopy: average diameter of street trees canopy; Distparks: average distance to parks.
Table 4.
Best ranked models (AICc > 2.0) showing the influences of the exposure to noise (Average Equivalent Continuous Sound Level—Leq) and vegetation variables on taxonomic data and functional diversity indices of the urban bird community inhabiting the streets of the southern region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.