Fig 1.
Schematic of passive chlorinator.
The device consists of (1) 10-liter chlorine reservoir (plastic jerrycan); (2) plastic flexible tubing (1/8 inch inner diameter) connecting the reservoir to the injection point; (3) a regulator to control the chlorine dose; (4) a brass non-return valve placed within the pipe, below the handpump and underneath the injection point; (5) two non-return valves at each end of the tubing (one shown located at the injection point and one hidden located just inside the chlorine reservoir outlet); and 6) a plastic funnel inserted into the pipe below the handpump to direct the flow past the injection point. Side view and top view show pipe cross-section with chlorine injection valve and funnel positioning.
Fig 2.
Data collection schedule for households (hh) with children under five years of age in study compounds.
Solid black circles indicate water sampling for microbial and chlorine residual analysis, open circles indicate water sampling for chlorine residual analysis only. The duration of the follow-up data collection period (post-baseline and hardware delivery) was 10 months. Interviews were conducted at baseline and at five months of follow-up.
Fig 3.
Proportion of samples from handpumps fitted with a passive chlorinator delivering water with detectable total chlorine residual (>0.1mg/L) over a 10-month follow-up study period.
Error bars show 95% confidence interval.
Table 1.
Modeling results (Poisson regression) comparing quality of stored drinking water among households with children under-five between treatment groups.
Fig 4.
Proportion of households with detectable total chlorine residual in their stored drinking water (>0.1mg/L) by treatment group spanning a 10-month follow-up period.
Behavior promotions ended after month 4. Control group was not sampled past month 5. Error bars show 95% confidence interval of mean proportions.
Fig 5.
Proportion of households with detectable E. coli contamination in their stored drinking water by treatment group spanning a 5-month follow-up period.
Error bars show 95% confidence interval of mean proportions.