Table 1.
Subject Characteristics.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram of participants through all phases of the trial.
Figure 2.
Characterization of the low-volume SIT protocol.
Solid line represents average heart rate (HR) response, expressed as a % of maximum, for all subjects during the first training session (left side y-axis). Bar graph represents relative mean power output (MPO) per kilogram fat-free mass (FFM) for men (dark bar) and women (white bar) during the first training session (right side y-axis).
Table 2.
Markers of Health and Fitness.
Figure 3.
Very low-volume SIT improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity.
Measured in muscle biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and 72 h after (POST) 6-week SIT in men and women. Maximal activity of citrate synthase (A), protein content of COXIV (B) and maximal activity of β-HAD (C). Values are means ± SD (n = 7 per group). Representative Western blots for 2 men and 2 women are shown for COXIV. α-tubulin was used a loading control and representative Western blots are shown. *P<0.05, pre- vs. post-training; +p<0.05, men vs. women at same time point; line denotes a main effect.
Figure 4.
Improved indices of blood glucose control in men following very low-volume SIT.
GLUT4 protein content measured in muscle biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and 72 h after (POST) 6 week SIT in men and women (A). Individual 24 h average blood glucose concentration (B) and 24 h blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) measured before (PRE) and 48–72 h after (POST) 6 week SIT in men and women using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Values are means ± SD (n = 7 per group for muscle data, n = 6 per group for CGM data). Representative Western blots for 2 men and 2 women are shown for GLUT4. *P<0.05, pre- vs. post-training; +p<0.05, men vs. women at same time point.
Figure 5.
Very low-volume SIT increases VO2 peak.
Measured before (PRE) and 1 week following (POST) 6 wk SIT in men and women. Values are means ± SD (n = 7 per group). *P<0.05, pre- vs. post-training; line denotes a main effect.