Table 1.
Framework for the classification of level of ANC provision in Zambian health facilities.
Figure 1.
Level of ANC provision within 15 km for urban and rural mothers in Zambia.
All urban mothers had access to an ANC facility within 15 km and the majority (57%) had access to an ANC facility providing an optimum level of service within this distance, while 88% of rural mothers lived within 15 km of an ANC facility and only 9% had access to a facility with optimum level of provision within this distance.
Figure 2.
Cumulative distributions of distances to ANC for rural mothers in Zambia.
The graph shows cumulative distributions of distances to ANC of various levels of provision for 2405 rural mothers in Zambia. While 40% of rural women lived within 5 km of any ANC facility, distances to facilities with adequate level of provision were farther, and ANC facilities providing optimum services were mostly out of reach for rural women, with 60% living more than 50 km from such a facility.
Table 2.
Effect of distance and level of provision on various aspects of ANC use in rural Zambia (n = 24051).