Figure 1.
Distribution of Hmong-Mien and Mon-Khmer populations.
A: distribution of the two ethnic groups; B: our population samples.
Table 1.
Frequencies of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Hmong-Mien and Mon-Khmer populations.
Figure 2.
Frequencies and diversities of O2-M95, O3-M7, and O3-M117.
A: Geographic distributions of haplogroup frequency; B: STR haplotype Networks.
Figure 3.
Relationship between the geographic locations of the STR haplotypes and STR mutation steps from the origins of the networks.
A: O3-M7; B: O3-M117. X-coordinate represents the STR mutation steps counted from the Network origins, while Y-coordinate represents the latitude of each population with certain haplotypes. The correlations between latitude and mutation step were significant for both M7 (r = 0.551, P = 2.18×10−17), and M117 (r = 0.442, P = 4.07×10−14).
Figure 4.
Clustering analyses for populations based on the Y chromosome SNP data.
A: Principal component plot; B: Neighbor-joining tree.
Table 2.
Time estimations for the three haplogroups (years).