A new criterion for defining tunnel portal failure using the strength reduction method

• Chengya Hua,

  Roles Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft

  Affiliations School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China, School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, China

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• Hongzhou Zhang ,

  Roles Data curation, Project administration

  * E-mail: zhanghongzhou@lfnu.edu.cn

  Affiliations School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China, School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, China

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-0317

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• Chenguang Song,

  Roles Supervision

  Affiliation China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring (Guide Center of Prevention Technology for Geo-hazards, MNR) Beijing, Beijing, China

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• Leihua Yao

  Roles Conceptualization

  Affiliation School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, China

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