Training machine learning algorithms for automatic facial coding: The role of emotional facial expressions’ prototypicality

• Björn Büdenbender ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Björn Büdenbender, Tim T. A. Höfling

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-1224

  ⨯
• Tim T. A. Höfling ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Björn Büdenbender, Tim T. A. Höfling

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Antje B. M. Gerdes,

  Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Georg W. Alpers

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: alpers@mail.uni-mannheim.de

  Affiliation Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯