Single Aggressive Interactions Increase Urinary Glucocorticoid Levels in Wild Male Chimpanzees

• Roman M. Wittig ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Roman M. Wittig, Catherine Crockford

  * E-mail: wittig@eva.mpg.de (RMW); crockfor@eva.mpg.de (CC)

  Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany, University of St. Andrews, School of Psychology and Neurobiology, St. Andrews, United Kingdom, Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda

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• Catherine Crockford ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Roman M. Wittig, Catherine Crockford

  * E-mail: wittig@eva.mpg.de (RMW); crockfor@eva.mpg.de (CC)

  Affiliations Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany, University of St. Andrews, School of Psychology and Neurobiology, St. Andrews, United Kingdom, Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda

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• Anja Weltring,

  Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany

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• Tobias Deschner,

  Affiliation Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany

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• Klaus Zuberbühler

  Affiliations University of St. Andrews, School of Psychology and Neurobiology, St. Andrews, United Kingdom, Budongo Conservation Field Station, Masindi, Uganda, University of Neuchâtel, Cognitive Science Centre, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

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