Systematic Evaluation of “Compliance” to Prescribed Treatment Medications and “Abstinence” from Psychoactive Drug Abuse in Chemical Dependence Programs: Data from the Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Drugs

• Kenneth Blum ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  * E-mail: drd2gene@gmail.com

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Department of Clinical Neurology, PATH Foundation NY, New York, New York, United States of America, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America, Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical and Translational Science, and Department of Psychiatry, UVM College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• David Han ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Department of Management Science and Statistics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Femino ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Meadows Edge Recovery Center, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• David E. Smith ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation David Smith and Associates and Institute of Health and Aging, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Scott Saunders ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Thomas Simpatico ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Human Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical and Translational Science, and Department of Psychiatry, UVM College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America

  ⨯
• Stephen J. Schoenthaler ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Department of Sociology, California State University, Turlock, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Marlene Oscar-Berman ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, and Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mark S. Gold

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kenneth Blum, David Han, John Femino, David E. Smith, Scott Saunders, Thomas Simpatico, Stephen J. Schoenthaler, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mark S. Gold

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

  ⨯