Significance of Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase L1 Elevations in Athletes after Sub-Concussive Head Hits

• Vikram Puvenna ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Vikram Puvenna, Chanda Brennan

  Affiliations Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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• Chanda Brennan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Vikram Puvenna, Chanda Brennan

  Affiliations Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Clinical-Bioanalytical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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• Gerald Shaw,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

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• Cui Yang,

  Affiliation Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

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• Nicola Marchi,

  Affiliations Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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• Jeffrey J. Bazarian,

  Affiliation Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

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• Kian Merchant-Borna,

  Affiliation Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

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• Damir Janigro

  * E-mail: janigrd@ccf.org

  Affiliations Cerebrovascular Research, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Clinical-Bioanalytical Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

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