Do Optimal Prognostic Thresholds in Continuous Physiological Variables Really Exist? Analysis of Origin of Apparent Thresholds, with Systematic Review for Peak Oxygen Consumption, Ejection Fraction and BNP

• Alberto Giannoni ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Alberto Giannoni, Resham Baruah

  * E-mail: alberto.giannoni@gmail.com

  Affiliations International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy

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• Resham Baruah ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Alberto Giannoni, Resham Baruah

  Affiliation International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

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• Tora Leong,

  Affiliation International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

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• Michaela B. Rehman,

  Affiliation Cardiology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France

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• Luigi Emilio Pastormerlo,

  Affiliation Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy

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• Frank E. Harrell,

  Affiliation Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Andrew J. S. Coats,

  Affiliations International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom

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• Darrel P. Francis

  Affiliation International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

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