Rapid Dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Despite Strictly Controlled Antimalarial Use

Nitchakarn Noranate; Rémy Durand; Adama Tall; Laurence Marrama; André Spiegel; Cheikh Sokhna; Bruno Pradines; Sandrine Cojean; Micheline Guillotte; Emmanuel Bischoff; Marie-Thérèse Ekala; Christiane Bouchier; Thierry Fandeur; Frédéric Ariey; Jintana Patarapotikul; Jacques Le Bras; Jean François Trape; Christophe Rogier; Odile Mercereau-Puijalon

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000139

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Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Rapid Dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Despite Strictly Controlled Antimalarial Use

Nitchakarn Noranate,

Affiliations Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
⨯
Rémy Durand,

Affiliation Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bobigny, France
⨯
Adama Tall,

Affiliation Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
⨯
Laurence Marrama,

Affiliation Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
⨯
André Spiegel,

Affiliation Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
⨯
Cheikh Sokhna,

Affiliation Laboratoire de Paludologie/Zoologie Médicale, IRD, Dakar, Senegal
⨯
Bruno Pradines,

Affiliation Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
⨯
Sandrine Cojean,

Affiliation Transports Membranaires et Chimiorésistance du Paludisme, Université R. Descartes and Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
⨯
Micheline Guillotte,

Affiliation Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
⨯
Emmanuel Bischoff,

Affiliation Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
⨯
Marie-Thérèse Ekala,

Affiliation Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
⨯
Christiane Bouchier,

Affiliation Pasteur Génopole-Ile de France, Plateforme Genomique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
⨯
Thierry Fandeur,

Affiliation Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
⨯
Frédéric Ariey,

Affiliation Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
⨯
Jintana Patarapotikul,

Affiliation Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
⨯
Jacques Le Bras,

Affiliation Transports Membranaires et Chimiorésistance du Paludisme, Université R. Descartes and Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
⨯
Jean François Trape,

Affiliation Laboratoire de Paludologie/Zoologie Médicale, IRD, Dakar, Senegal
⨯
Christophe Rogier,

Affiliations Unité d'Epidémiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Marseille, France
⨯
[ ... ],
Odile Mercereau-Puijalon

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: omp@pasteur.fr

Affiliation Unité d'Immunologie Moléculaire des Parasites, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2581, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
⨯
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Rapid Dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Despite Strictly Controlled Antimalarial Use

Nitchakarn Noranate,
Rémy Durand,
Adama Tall,
Laurence Marrama,
André Spiegel,
Cheikh Sokhna,
Bruno Pradines,
Sandrine Cojean,
Micheline Guillotte,
Emmanuel Bischoff

Published: January 3, 2007
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000139

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Isn't this grouping technique very sensitive to noise

Posted by balaitous on 18 Jan 2007 at 19:30 GMT

We first considered each calendar year separately and subsequently grouped together consecutive years that were not statistically different.
http://plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000139#article1.body1.sec2.sec11.p1

Imagine a sequence such as 0,0,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8 where any difference greater than 1.2 is significant. Add a noise sequence such as 1,1,-1,0,1,-1,1,0,-1,0. The resulting sequence would be 1,1,1,2,5,3,7,6,7,8. After grouping the noise free sequence is grouped as [0-1],[2-3],[4-5],[6-7],[8-9] while after noise one obtains [0-3],[4],[5],[6-9]. I am not claiming that this limits the validity of your results or even that it is probabilistically likely that this impacts the analysis, but it could deserve a justification analysis.

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Rapid Dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Despite Strictly Controlled Antimalarial Use

Rapid Dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Despite Strictly Controlled Antimalarial Use

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Isn't this grouping technique very sensitive to noise

Posted by balaitous on 18 Jan 2007 at 19:30 GMT