About the Authors

Adam D. Cooper

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Innovative Employee Solutions, San Diego, CA, United States of America

Steven G. Warner

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America

Anna C. Rivera

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America

Rudolph P. Rull

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America

Amy B. Adler

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America

Dennis J. Faix

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Naval Medical Research Unit Two, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Rob Neff

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Preservation of the Force and Family, Headquarters United States Special Operation Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, FL, United States of America

Edwin A. Deagle

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Preservation of the Force and Family, Headquarters United States Special Operation Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, FL, United States of America

Ryan J. Caserta

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Preservation of the Force and Family, Headquarters United States Special Operation Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, FL, United States of America

Cynthia A. LeardMann

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

cynthia.a.leardmann.ctr@mail.mil

Affiliations Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America, Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America

for the Millennium Cohort Study Team

A complete list of the Millennium Cohort Study Team can be found in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Leidos, Inc and Innovative Employee Solutions provided financial support in the form of salaries for some authors. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials The authors declare no other potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.