About the Authors

Tomoko Fujii

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

ort4771@gmail.com

Affiliation Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical & Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Hiroyuki Oka

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical & Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Junji Katsuhira

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Prosthetics & Orthotics and Assistive Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan

Juichi Tonosu

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan

Satoshi Kasahara

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Sakae Tanaka

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Ko Matsudaira

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical & Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

All authors declare the following potential conflicts of interest outside the submitted work. KM received the following support: grant support, including an endowed chair from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. and Okamura Corporation; grant support, including an endowed chair and lecture fees from AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., TOTO LTD., and Eisai Co., Ltd.; lecture fees from Pfizer Japan Inc., Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., and Teijin Pharma Limited; and lecture fees and advisory fees from Shionogi & Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. HO received grants from Teijin Pharma Limited, grants from Pfizer Inc., grants from Fujifilm Medical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, grants and personal fees from Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., and grants from Eli Lilly Japan K.K. outside the submitted work. ST received personal fees for expert testimony from Amgen Inc., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Kyocera Medical Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Teijin Pharma Limited, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., and Pfizer Japan Inc.; endowments from Astellas Pharma Inc., AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corporation, Pfizer Japan Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (A), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/Grant-in-aid for Exploratory Research outside the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The authors have no other declarations relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, or marketed products for Eli Lilly Japan K.K. TF, JK, JT, and SK have no competing interests to report.