About the Authors

Rika Sakamoto

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Tadashi Yamakawa

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

yamakat@yokohama-cu.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Kenichiro Takahashi

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Jun Suzuki

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Minori Matsuura Shinoda

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Kentaro Sakamaki

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Hirosuke Danno

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Kanazawa Medical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan

Hirohisa Tsuchiya

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Diabetes, Yokosuka City Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan

Manabu Waseda

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Waseda Medical Clinic, Fujisawa, Japan

Tatsuro Takano

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Fujisawa City Hospital, Fujisawa, Japan

Fuyuki Minagawa

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Minagawa Medical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan

Masahiko Takai

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Takai Medical Clinic, Kamakura, Japan

Tomohide Masutani

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, Waseda Medical Clinic, Fujisawa, Japan, Takai Medical Clinic, Kamakura, Japan

Jo Nagakura

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan, Yata Ikeda Clinic, Mishima, Japan

Erina Shigematsu

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Masashi Ishikawa

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Ishikawa Medical Clinic, Yokohama, Japan

Shigeru Nakajima

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Nakajima Medical Clinic, Yokosuka, Japan

Kazuaki Kadonosono

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan

Yasuo Terauchi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan

Competing Interests

Hirosuke Danno is affiliated with and is an employee of Kanazawa Medical Clinic. Manabu Waseda and Tomohide Masutani are affiliated with and are employees of Waseda Medical Clinic. Fuyuki Minagawa is affiliated with and is the director of Minagawa Medical Clinic. Masahiko Takai and Tomohide Masutani are affiliated with and are employees of Takai Medical Clinic. Jo Nagakura is affiliated with and is an employee of Yata Ikeda Clinic. Masashi Ishikawa is affiliated with and is the director of Ishikawa Medical Clinic. Shigeru Nakajima is affiliated with and is the director of Nakajima Medical Clinic. Yasuo Terauchi received honoraria for lectures from MSD K.K.; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.; Novartis Pharma K.K.; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.; Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; Eli Lilly Japan K.K.; Sanofi K.K.; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.; Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd.; and AstraZeneca K.K. and obtained research support from MSD K.K.; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.; Novartis Pharma K.K.; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd.; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; Eli Lilly Japan K.K.; Sanofi K.K.; Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.; Shionogi & Co., Ltd.; Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd.; Astellas Pharma, Inc.; Pfizer Japan, Inc.; and AstraZeneca K.K. Tadashi Yamakawa received honoraria for lectures from MSD K.K.; Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.; Sanofi K.K. and obtained research support from AstraZeneca K.K. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.