About the Authors

Marta Rubio-Codina

martarubio@iadb.org

Affiliations Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America, Centre for the Evaluation of Development Policies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom

M. Caridad Araujo

Affiliation Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C., United States of America

Orazio Attanasio

Affiliations Centre for the Evaluation of Development Policies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom, Department of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Pablo Muñoz

Affiliation École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada

Sally Grantham-McGregor

Affiliation Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist and have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. The commercial affiliation of authors MRC and MCA with the IDB does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials (analysis code, household questionnaire), which will be shared as indicated in the Data Availability Statement.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MRC OA SGM. Performed the experiments: MRC PM SGM. Analyzed the data: MRC MCA SGM. Wrote the paper: MRC MCA OA SGM. Conceptualized and designed the study: MRC OA SGM. Trained field team: PM. Supervised data collection: PM. Approved the final manuscript as submitted: MRC MCA OA PM SGM.