About the Authors

Lili Zhang

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China

Wei Chen

‡ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China

Martin Burger

Affiliation Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Lijie Yang

Affiliations Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China

Ping Gong

Affiliation Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China

Zhijie Wu

llzhang@iae.ac.cn

Affiliation Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LLZ. Performed the experiments: LLZ. Analyzed the data: LLZ WC LJY PG ZJW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LLZ LJY. Wrote the paper: LLZ MB ZJW.