About the Authors

Satoru Kanamori

satoru_kanamori@hotmail.com

Affiliations Tokyo Medical University, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo, Japan, Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

Yuko Kai

Affiliation Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan

Jun Aida

Affiliation Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan

Katsunori Kondo

Affiliations Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan

Ichiro Kawachi

Affiliation Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hiroshi Hirai

Affiliation Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan

Kokoro Shirai

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences, School of Law and Letters, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

Yoshiki Ishikawa

Affiliation Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Kayo Suzuki

Affiliation Department of Social Policies, Aichi Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan

The JAGES Group

Membership of The JAGES Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Satoru Kanamori is employed by ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SK YK JA KK HH The JAGES Group. Analyzed the data: SK YK JA KK YI. Wrote the paper: SK YK KK IK. Reviewing of manuscript: SK YK JA KK IK HH K. Shirai YI K. Suzuki The JAGES Group. Acquisition of data: KK HH K. Suzuki The JAGES Group.