About the Authors

Heather A. Passmore

Affiliation Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

Emilio M. Bruna

embruna@ufl.edu

Affiliations Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Sylvia M. Heredia

Affiliations Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Heraldo L. Vasconcelos

Affiliations Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, C.P. 593, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EMB HLV. Performed the experiments: SMH. Analyzed the data: HAP EMB. Wrote the paper: HAP EMB.