About the Authors

Beatrice Larroque

beatrice.larroque@bjn.aphp.fr

Affiliations INSERM, UMR S953, IFR 69, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S953, Paris, France

Pierre-Yves Ancel

Affiliations INSERM, UMR S953, IFR 69, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S953, Paris, France

Laetitia Marchand-Martin

Affiliations INSERM, UMR S953, IFR 69, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S953, Paris, France

Gilles Cambonie

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France

Jeanne Fresson

Affiliation Regional Maternity University Hospital, Nancy, France

Véronique Pierrat

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, Lille, France

Jean-Christophe Rozé

Affiliation Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Nantes, France

Loic Marpeau

Affiliation Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen and EA 4309 Perinatal Neurological Handicap, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France

Gerard Thiriez

Affiliation Paediatric intensive Care unit, Saint Jacques Hospital, Besançon, France

Corinne Alberge

Affiliation Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France

Gérard Bréart

Affiliations INSERM, UMR S953, IFR 69, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S953, Paris, France

Monique Kaminski

Affiliations INSERM, UMR S953, IFR 69, Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S953, Paris, France

Stéphane Marret

Affiliation Department of Neonatal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen and EA 4309 Perinatal Neurological Handicap, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Rouen University, Rouen, France

and the Epipage Study group

¤ The members of the Epipage Study group are listed in the Acknowledgments section.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BL MK GB. Analyzed the data: BL P-YA MK SM LM-M. Wrote the paper: BL. Data acquisition: PA GC JF VP JR LM SM. Revision and critical review of the manuscript: PA GC JF VP JR LM SM.