About the Authors

Matthew Cairns

matthew.cairns@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Azra Ghani

Affiliation Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Lucy Okell

Affiliation Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Roly Gosling

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Ilona Carneiro

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Francis Anto

Affiliation Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana

Victor Asoala

Affiliation Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, Ghana

Seth Owusu-Agyei

Affiliation Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana

Brian Greenwood

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Daniel Chandramohan

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Paul Milligan

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MC AG LO RG IC SO-A BG DC PM. Performed the experiments: MC VA FA. Analyzed the data: MC LO AG PM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FA VA SO-A. Wrote the paper: MC. Revised the draft manuscript and agreed on the final version: MC AG LO RG IC FA VA SO-A BG DC PM.