About the Authors

Jacob Novignon

Contributed equally to this work with: Jacob Novignon, Michel Adurayi Amenah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Social Policy Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

Ama Pokuaa Fenny

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization

apfenny@ug.edu.gh

Affiliation Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

Michel Adurayi Amenah

Contributed equally to this work with: Jacob Novignon, Michel Adurayi Amenah

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

Selasie Addom

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana

Annick Gladzah

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana, Dodowa Heath Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Dodowa, Ghana

Nassirou Ibrahim

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory for Studies and Research on Social Dynamics and Local Development, Niamey, Niger, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Ludovic Deo Gracias Tapsoba

Roles Visualization, Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada, Laboratory of Public Health, University of Joseph KI Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 

Irene A. Agyepong

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Public Health, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra, Ghana, Dodowa Heath Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Dodowa, Ghana

Roxanne Borges da Silva

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Tim Ensor

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.