About the Authors

Harsha Thirumurthy

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

hthirumu@upenn.edu

Affiliation Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Katherine L. Milkman

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kevin G. Volpp

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Alison M. Buttenheim

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Devin G. Pope

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. Volpp is a co-owner of VAL Health. No other disclosures are reported. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.