About the Authors

Ester J. Diarz

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Writing – original draft

diarzester@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es salaam, Tanzania

Beatrice J. Leyaro

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Sokoine L. Kivuyo

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es salaam, Tanzania

Bernard J. Ngowi

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es salaam, Mbeya, Tanzania

Sia E. Msuya

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Community Health, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Community Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Sayoki G. Mfinanga

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, The Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Bassirou Bonfoh

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Michael J. Mahande

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.