About the Authors

Mohan Manikkam

Affiliation Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

M. Muksitul Haque

Affiliation Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna

Affiliation Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Eric E. Nilsson

Affiliation Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Michael K. Skinner

skinner@wsu.edu

Affiliation Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MKS. Performed the experiments: MM MMH CGB EEN. Analyzed the data: MKS MM MMH CGB EEN. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MKS MM. Edited the Manuscript: MKS MM MMH CGB EEN.