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Table of Contents

March 2012

Cover

Waterhole at Okaukuejo camp, Etosha National Park, Namibia.
Issue Image

Zebras, elephants, and springboks are among the species most frequently affected by lethal anthrax infections in the Etosha National Park of Namibia. The role of natural and artificial waterholes and their surroundings in the epidemiology of the disease has been a matter of debate for a long time. Modern diagnostic and molecular-epidemiological methods are now used to investigate the spread and distribution of the causative pathogen Bacillus anthracis. See Beyer et al.

Image Credit: Wolfgang Beyer, University of Hohenheim

Editorial

Texas and Mexico: Sharing a Legacy of Poverty and Neglected Tropical Diseases

Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Eric Dumonteil, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Shaden Kamhawi, Jaime Ortega, Samuel Ponce de Leon Rosales, Miguel Betancourt Cravioto, Roberto Tapia-Conyer

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001497

Policy Platform

Assessing the Potential of a Candidate Dengue Vaccine with Mathematical Modeling

WHO-VMI Dengue Vaccine Modeling Group

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001450

Reviews

Many Neglected Tropical Diseases May Have Originated in the Paleolithic or Before: New Insights from Genetics

Gabriel Trueba, Micah Dunthorn

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001393

Chikungunya Disease: Infection-Associated Markers from the Acute to the Chronic Phase of Arbovirus-Induced Arthralgia

Laurence Dupuis-Maguiraga, Marion Noret, Sonia Brun, Roger Le Grand, Gabriel Gras, Pierre Roques

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001446

Research Articles

High Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever and Evidence for Endemic Circulation in Mbeya Region, Tanzania, in a Cross-Sectional Study

Norbert Heinrich, Elmar Saathoff, Nina Weller, Petra Clowes, Inge Kroidl, Elias Ntinginya, Harun Machibya, Leonard Maboko, Thomas Löscher, Gerhard Dobler, Michael Hoelscher

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001557

A Pilot Study on Developing Mucosal Vaccine against Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) Using Recombinant Tetraspanin 3: Vaccine Efficacy and Immunology

Zhisheng Dang, Kinpei Yagi, Yuzaburo Oku, Hirokazu Kouguchi, Kiichi Kajino, Jun Matsumoto, Ryo Nakao, Hiroyuki Wakaguri, Atsushi Toyoda, Hong Yin, Chihiro Sugimoto

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001570

Extensive Genetic Diversity, Unique Population Structure and Evidence of Genetic Exchange in the Sexually Transmitted Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis

Melissa D. Conrad, Andrew W. Gorman, Julia A. Schillinger, Pier Luigi Fiori, Rossana Arroyo, Nancy Malla, Mohan Lal Dubey, Jorge Gonzalez, Susan Blank, William E. Secor, Jane M. Carlton

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001573

Density-Dependent Mortality of the Human Host in Onchocerciasis: Relationships between Microfilarial Load and Excess Mortality

Martin Walker, Mark P. Little, Karen S. Wagner, Edoh W. Soumbey-Alley, Boakye A. Boatin, María-Gloria Basáñez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001578

Sensitive and Specific Target Sequences Selected from Retrotransposons of Schistosoma japonicum for the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis

Jun-Jie Guo, Hua-Jun Zheng, Jing Xu, Xing-Quan Zhu, Sheng-Yue Wang, Chao-Ming Xia

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001579

Membrane Cholesterol Regulates Lysosome-Plasma Membrane Fusion Events and Modulates Trypanosoma cruzi Invasion of Host Cells

Bárbara Hissa, Jacqueline G. Duarte, Ludmila F. Kelles, Fabio P. Santos, Helen L. del Puerto, Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimarães, Ana M. de Paula, Ubirajara Agero, Oscar N. Mesquita, Cristina Guatimosim, Egler Chiari, Luciana O. Andrade

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001583

A Somatically Diversified Defense Factor, FREP3, Is a Determinant of Snail Resistance to Schistosome Infection

Patrick C. Hanington, Michelle A. Forys, Eric S. Loker

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001591

Taenia solium Infections in a Rural Area of Eastern Zambia-A Community Based Study

Kabemba E. Mwape, Isaac K. Phiri, Nicolas Praet, John B. Muma, Gideon Zulu, Peter Van den Bossche, Reginald de Deken, Niko Speybroeck, Pierre Dorny, Sarah Gabriël

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001594

Pinpointing P450s Associated with Pyrethroid Metabolism in the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti: Developing New Tools to Combat Insecticide Resistance

Bradley J. Stevenson, Patricia Pignatelli, Dimitra Nikou, Mark J. I. Paine

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 27, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001595

Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine Vectors Expressing Filovirus Glycoproteins Lack Neurovirulence in Nonhuman Primates

Chad E. Mire, Andrew D. Miller, Angela Carville, Susan V. Westmoreland, Joan B. Geisbert, Keith G. Mansfield, Heinz Feldmann, Lisa E. Hensley, Thomas W. Geisbert

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001567

Dominant Cross-Reactive B Cell Response during Secondary Acute Dengue Virus Infection in Humans

Simona Zompi, Magelda Montoya, Marie O. Pohl, Angel Balmaseda, Eva Harris

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001568

Glycotope Sharing between Snail Hemolymph and Larval Schistosomes: Larval Transformation Products Alter Shared Glycan Patterns of Plasma Proteins

Timothy P. Yoshino, Xiao-Jun Wu, Hongdi Liu, Laura A. Gonzalez, André M. Deelder, Cornelis H. Hokke

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001569

Implementing Preventive Chemotherapy through an Integrated National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Program in Mali

Massitan Dembélé, Sanoussi Bamani, Robert Dembélé, Mamadou O. Traoré, Seydou Goita, Mamadou Namory Traoré, Abdoul Karim Sidibe, Letitia Sam, Marjon Tuinsma, Emily Toubali, Chad MacArthur, Shawn K. Baker, Yaobi Zhang

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001574

Ebola GP-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect Mice and Guinea Pigs from Lethal Ebola Virus Infection

Xiangguo Qiu, Lisa Fernando, P. Leno Melito, Jonathan Audet, Heinz Feldmann, Gary Kobinger, Judie B. Alimonti, Steven M. Jones

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001575

Azithromycin Mass Treatment for Trachoma Control: Risk Factors for Non-Participation of Children in Two Treatment Rounds

Elizabeth N. Ssemanda, Joshua Levens, Harran Mkocha, Beatriz Munoz, Sheila K. West

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001576

Analysing Spatio-Temporal Clustering of Meningococcal Meningitis Outbreaks in Niger Reveals Opportunities for Improved Disease Control

Juliette Paireau, Florian Girond, Jean-Marc Collard, Halima B. Maïnassara, Jean-François Jusot

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001577

Protective Human Leucocyte Antigen Haplotype, HLA-DRB1*01-B*14, against Chronic Chagas Disease in Bolivia

Florencia del Puerto, Juan Eiki Nishizawa, Mihoko Kikuchi, Yelin Roca, Cinthia Avilas, Alberto Gianella, Javier Lora, Freddy Udalrico Gutierrez Velarde, Sachio Miura, Norihiro Komiya, Koji Maemura, Kenji Hirayama

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 20, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001587

A Transcriptomic View of the Proteome Variability of Newborn and Adult Bothrops jararaca Snake Venoms

André Zelanis, Débora Andrade-Silva, Marisa M. Rocha, Maria F. Furtado, Solange M. T. Serrano, Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Paulo Lee Ho

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001554

Addressing the Neglected Tropical Disease Podoconiosis in Northern Ethiopia: Lessons Learned from a New Community Podoconiosis Program

Sara Tomczyk, Abreham Tamiru, Gail Davey

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001560

Enhanced Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric Form of the Schistosomiasis Vaccine Antigen Sm-TSP-2

Mark S. Pearson, Darren A. Pickering, Henry J. McSorley, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Leon Tribolet, Annette M. Dougall, Peter J. Hotez, Alex Loukas

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001564

Anopheles gambiae Antiviral Immune Response to Systemic O'nyong-nyong Infection

Joanna Waldock, Kenneth E. Olson, George K. Christophides

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 13, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001565

Distribution and Molecular Evolution of Bacillus anthracis Genotypes in Namibia

Wolfgang Beyer, Steve Bellan, Gisela Eberle, Holly H. Ganz, Wayne M. Getz, Renate Haumacher, Karen A. Hilss, Werner Kilian, Judith Lazak, Wendy C. Turner, Peter C. B. Turnbull

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001534

The Burden of Trachoma in South Sudan: Assessing the Health Losses from a Condition of Graded Severity

Hebe Gouda, John Powles, Jan Barendregt, Paul Emerson, Jeremiah Ngondi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001538

Comparison of Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Culture for the Diagnosis of Emerging Rickettsioses

Emmanouil Angelakis, Hervé Richet, Jean-Marc Rolain, Bernard La Scola, Didier Raoult

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001540

Association between Anaemia, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Neglected Parasitic Infections and Socioeconomic Factors in Rural Children of West Malaysia

Romano Ngui, Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, Liam Chong Kin, Chow Sek Chuen, Shukri Jaffar

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001550

Echinococcus granulosus Antigen B Structure: Subunit Composition and Oligomeric States

Karina M. Monteiro, Mateus B. Cardoso, Cristian Follmer, Nádya P. da Silveira, Daiani M. Vargas, Elliot W. Kitajima, Arnaldo Zaha, Henrique B. Ferreira

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001551

Mapping of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Regions of Centre, East and West Cameroon

Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Romuald Isaka Kamwa Ngassam, Laurentine Sumo, Pierre Ngassam, Calvine Dongmo Noumedem, Deguy D'or Luogbou Nzu, Esther Dankoni, Christian Mérimé Kenfack, Nestor Feussom Gipwe, Julie Akame, Ann Tarini, Yaobi Zhang, Fru Fobuzski Angwafo III

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001553

Real-time PCR Demonstrates Ancylostoma duodenale Is a Key Factor in the Etiology of Severe Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Malawian Pre-school Children

Femkje A. M. Jonker, Job C. J. Calis, Kamija Phiri, Eric A. T. Brienen, Harriet Khoffi, Bernard J. Brabin, Jaco J. Verweij, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, Lisette van Lieshout

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001555

Bacterial Diversity in Oral Samples of Children in Niger with Acute Noma, Acute Necrotizing Gingivitis, and Healthy Controls

Ignacio Bolivar, Katrine Whiteson, Benoît Stadelmann, Denise Baratti-Mayer, Yann Gizard, Andrea Mombelli, Didier Pittet, Jacques Schrenzel, The Geneva Study Group on Noma (GESNOMA)

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001556

Immunization with L. sigmodontis Microfilariae Reduces Peripheral Microfilaraemia after Challenge Infection by Inhibition of Filarial Embryogenesis

Sebastian Ziewer, Marc P. Hübner, Bettina Dubben, Wolfgang H. Hoffmann, Odile Bain, Coralie Martin, Achim Hoerauf, Sabine Specht

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001558

Reciprocal Tripartite Interactions between the Aedes aegypti Midgut Microbiota, Innate Immune System and Dengue Virus Influences Vector Competence

Jose Luis Ramirez, Jayme Souza-Neto, Rolando Torres Cosme, Jose Rovira, Alma Ortiz, Juan M. Pascale, George Dimopoulos

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001561

Early Clinical Features of Dengue Virus Infection in Nicaraguan Children: A Longitudinal Analysis

Hope H. Biswas, Oscar Ortega, Aubree Gordon, Katherine Standish, Angel Balmaseda, Guillermina Kuan, Eva Harris

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published March 6, 2012 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001562