Triatomine bugs are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the cause of Chagas disease. Most triatomines live in the wild, but some epidemiologically important species have adapted to living in and around human habitations. Human activities, such as stockpiling of grain, are thought to have encouraged vector domiciliation. The image is from a site near Cochabamba, which was a large Inca agricultural center and is still a focus of T. cruzi transmission by Triatoma infestans. The study used phylogenetic analysis of T. cruzi to show that human activities probably also promoted the evolution of hybrid lineages of the parasite (see Lewis et al., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001363).
Image Credit: Michael Lewis (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)
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