May 2011

Ticks are among the most important vectors of human and animal diseases and surpass all other arthropods in the variety of the transmitted pathogenic organisms. They are capable of transmitting these pathogens by several ways, the main clause being via the injection of saliva during the bite. After many years of debate, and for the first time in vivo, our study (see Reis et al.) demonstrated that I.ricinus is competent for the transmission of Bartonella sp., which are facultative intracellular vector-borne bacteria associated with several emerging diseases in humans and animals all over the world.

Image Credit: Sarah Bonnet

Editorial

New Antipoverty Drugs, Vaccines, and Diagnostics: A Research Agenda for the US President's Global Health Initiative (GHI)

Peter J. Hotez

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001133

Viewpoints

Meeting Cholera's Challenge to Haiti and the World: A Joint Statement on Cholera Prevention and Care

Paul Farmer, Charles Patrick Almazor, Emily T. Bahnsen, Donna Barry, Junior Bazile, Barry R. Bloom, Niranjan Bose, Thomas Brewer, Stephen B. Calderwood, John D. Clemens, Alejandro Cravioto, Eddy Eustache, Gregory Jérôme, Neha Gupta, Jason B. Harris, Howard H. Hiatt, Cassia Holstein, Peter J. Hotez, Louise C. Ivers, Vanessa B. Kerry, Serena P. Koenig, Regina C. LaRocque, Fernet Léandre, Wesler Lambert, Evan Lyon, John J. Mekalanos, Joia S. Mukherjee, Cate Oswald, Jean-William Pape, Anany Gretchko Prosper, Regina Rabinovich, Maxi Raymonville, Jean-Renold Réjouit, Laurence J. Ronan, Mark L. Rosenberg, Edward T. Ryan, Jeffrey D. Sachs, David A. Sack, Claude Surena, Arjun A. Suri, Ralph Ternier, Matthew K. Waldor, David Walton, Jonathan L. Weigel

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001145

Expert Commentary

A New Approach to Monitoring Dengue Activity

Lawrence C. Madoff, David N. Fisman, Taha Kass-Hout

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001215

Policy Platform

Research and Capacity Building for Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Need for a Different Approach

Thomas Kariuki, Richard Phillips, Sammy Njenga, Ole F. Olesen, Paul R. Klatser, Riccardo Porro, Sarah Lock, Maria Hermínia Cabral, Martina Gliber, Detlef Hanne

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001020

Review

Regulatory T Cells Phenotype in Different Clinical Forms of Chagas' Disease

Fernanda Fortes de Araújo, Danielle Marquete Vitelli-Avelar, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Paulo Renato Zuquim Antas, Juliana Assis Silva Gomes, Renato Sathler-Avelar, Manoel Otávio Costa Rocha, Silvana Maria Elói-Santos, Rosa Teixeira Pinho, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000992

Research Articles

The Prevalence of Blinding Trachoma in Northern States of Sudan

Awad Hassan, Jeremiah M. Ngondi, Jonathan D. King, Balgesa E. Elshafie, Ghada Al Ginaid, Mazin Elsanousi, Zeinab Abdalla, Nabil Aziz, Dieudonne Sankara, Victoria Simms, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Paul M. Emerson, Kamal H. Binnawi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001027

Effect of BMAP-28 Antimicrobial Peptides on Leishmania major Promastigote and Amastigote Growth: Role of Leishmanolysin in Parasite Survival

Miriam A. Lynn, Jason Kindrachuk, Alexandra K. Marr, Håvard Jenssen, Nelly Panté, Melissa R. Elliott, Scott Napper, Robert E. Hancock, W. Robert McMaster

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001141

Clonal Differences between Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Recovered from Children and Animals Living in Close Contact in The Gambia

Michel M. Dione, Usman N. Ikumapayi, Debasish Saha, Nuredin I. Mohammed, Stanny Geerts, Margareta Ieven, Richard A. Adegbola, Martin Antonio

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001148

Multiple Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains Are Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Sudan, 2008–2009

Imadeldin E. Aradaib, Bobbie R. Erickson, Mubarak S. Karsany, Marina L. Khristova, Rehab M. Elageb, Mohamed E. H. Mohamed, Stuart T. Nichol

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001159

Inconsistent Protective Efficacy and Marked Polymorphism Limits the Value of Schistosoma japonicum Tetraspanin-2 as a Vaccine Target

Wenbao Zhang, Jun Li, Mary Duke, Malcolm K. Jones, Ling Kuang, Jianfeng Zhang, David Blair, Yuesheng Li, Donald P. McManus

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001166

Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva or Salivary Protein LJM19 Protects against Leishmania braziliensis and the Saliva of Its Vector, Lutzomyia intermedia

Natalia M. Tavares, Robson A. Silva, Dirceu J. Costa, Maiana A. Pitombo, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, José C. Miranda, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Aldina Barral, Camila I. de Oliveira, Manoel Barral-Netto, Claudia Brodskyn

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001169

Foxp3 and IL-10 Expression Correlates with Parasite Burden in Lesional Tissues of Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Patients

Gajendra Kumar Katara, Nasim Akhtar Ansari, Sandeep Verma, V. Ramesh, Poonam Salotra

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001171

Loxosceles gaucho Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury – In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Rui V. Lucato Jr, Regina C. R. M. Abdulkader, Katia C. Barbaro, Glória E. Mendes, Isac Castro, Maria A. S. F. Baptista, Patrícia M. Cury, Denise M. C. Malheiros, Nestor Schor, Luis Yu, Emmanuel A. Burdmann

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001182

Vector Competence of the Tick Ixodes ricinus for Transmission of Bartonella birtlesii

Caroline Reis, Martine Cote, Danielle Le Rhun, Benoit Lecuelle, Michael L. Levin, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Sarah I. Bonnet

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001186

The Early Clinical Features of Dengue in Adults: Challenges for Early Clinical Diagnosis

Jenny G. H. Low, Adrian Ong, Li Kiang Tan, Shera Chaterji, Angelia Chow, Wen Yan Lim, Koon Wui Lee, Robert Chua, Choon Rong Chua, Sharon W. S. Tan, Yin Bun Cheung, Martin L. Hibberd, Subhash G. Vasudevan, Lee-Ching Ng, Yee Sin Leo, Eng Eong Ooi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001191

First Colombian Multicentric Newborn Screening for Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marin, Alejandra de-la-Torre, Edith Angel-Muller, Jorge Rubio, Jaime Arenas, Elkin Osorio, Lilian Nuñez, Lyda Pinzon, Luis Carlos Mendez-Cordoba, Agustin Bustos, Isabel de-la-Hoz, Pedro Silva, Monica Beltran, Leonor Chacon, Martha Marrugo, Cristina Manjarres, Hernando Baquero, Fabiana Lora, Elizabeth Torres, Oscar Elias Zuluaga, Monica Estrada, Lacides Moscote, Myriam Teresa Silva, Raul Rivera, Angie Molina, Shirley Najera, Antonio Sanabria, Maria Luisa Ramirez, Claudia Alarcon, Natalia Restrepo, Alejandra Falla, Tailandia Rodriguez, Giovanny Castaño

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001195

Using Web Search Query Data to Monitor Dengue Epidemics: A New Model for Neglected Tropical Disease Surveillance

Emily H. Chan, Vikram Sahai, Corrie Conrad, John S. Brownstein

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 31, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001206

PCR-Based Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis, the Agent of Rhinoscleroma

Cindy Fevre, Virginie Passet, Alexis Deletoile, Valérie Barbe, Lionel Frangeul, Ana S. Almeida, Philippe Sansonetti, Régis Tournebize, Sylvain Brisse

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001052

Polyparasitism Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Marine Sentinel Species

Amanda K. Gibson, Stephen Raverty, Dyanna M. Lambourn, Jessica Huggins, Spencer L. Magargal, Michael E. Grigg

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001142

Clinical Manifestations Associated with Neurocysticercosis: A Systematic Review

Hélène Carabin, Patrick Cyaga Ndimubanzi, Christine M. Budke, Hai Nguyen, Yingjun Qian, Linda Demetry Cowan, Julie Ann Stoner, Elizabeth Rainwater, Mary Dickey

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001152

Host Alternation Is Necessary to Maintain the Genome Stability of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Sara Moutailler, Benjamin Roche, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Valérie Caro, François Rougeon, Anna-Bella Failloux

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001156

Genetic Reconstruction of Protozoan rRNA Decoding Sites Provides a Rationale for Paromomycin Activity against Leishmania and Trypanosoma

Sven N. Hobbie, Marcel Kaiser, Sebastian Schmidt, Dmitri Shcherbakov, Tanja Janusic, Reto Brun, Erik C. Böttger

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001161

Latent Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompetent Individuals – A Longitudinal Study

Bohumil Sak, Martin Kváč, Zuzana Kučerová, Dana Květoňová, Kamila Saková

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001162

Crystal Structures of T. b. rhodesiense Adenosine Kinase Complexed with Inhibitor and Activator: Implications for Catalysis and Hyperactivation

Sabine Kuettel, Jason Greenwald, Dirk Kostrewa, Shaheen Ahmed, Leonardo Scapozza, Remo Perozzo

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001164

Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Characterization of Antimony Resistance in Leishmania amazonensis

Rubens L. do Monte-Neto, Adriano C. Coelho, Frédéric Raymond, Danielle Légaré, Jacques Corbeil, Maria N. Melo, Frédéric Frézard, Marc Ouellette

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001167

Characterization of the Phytochelatin Synthase of Schistosoma mansoni

Debalina Ray, David L. Williams

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001168

Tissue and Stage-Specific Distribution of Wolbachia in Brugia malayi

Kerstin Fischer, Wandy L. Beatty, Daojun Jiang, Gary J. Weil, Peter U. Fischer

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001174

Comparison of Argentinean Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus Non-Epidemic and Epidemic Strain Infections in an Avian Model

Luis Adrián Diaz, Nicole M. Nemeth, Richard A. Bowen, Walter R. Almiron, Marta S. Contigiani

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001177

Economic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis in Peru

Pedro L. Moro, Christine M. Budke, Peter M. Schantz, Julio Vasquez, Saul J. Santivañez, Jaime Villavicencio

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001179

The Use of a Mobile Laboratory Unit in Support of Patient Management and Epidemiological Surveillance during the 2005 Marburg Outbreak in Angola

Allen Grolla, Steven M. Jones, Lisa Fernando, James E. Strong, Ute Ströher, Peggy Möller, Janusz T. Paweska, Felicity Burt, Pedro Pablo Palma, Armand Sprecher, Pierre Formenty, Cathy Roth, Heinz Feldmann

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 24, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001183

Orientia tsutsugamushi Stimulates an Original Gene Expression Program in Monocytes: Relationship with Gene Expression in Patients with Scrub Typhus

Wiwit Tantibhedhyangkul, Thanavadee Prachason, Duangdao Waywa, Adil El Filali, Eric Ghigo, Wanna Thongnoppakhun, Didier Raoult, Yupin Suputtamongkol, Christian Capo, Chanin Limwongse, Jean-Louis Mege

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001028

Evaluation of Spatially Targeted Strategies to Control Non-Domiciliated Triatoma dimidiata Vector of Chagas Disease

Corentin Barbu, Eric Dumonteil, Sébastien Gourbière

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001045

Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique Can Diagnose Paragonimiasis

Günther Slesak, Saythong Inthalad, Phadsana Basy, Dalaphone Keomanivong, Ounheaun Phoutsavath, Somchaivang Khampoui, Aude Grosrenaud, Vincent Amstutz, Hubert Barennes, Yves Buisson, Peter Odermatt

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001048

Testing the Efficacy of a Multi-Component DNA-Prime/DNA-Boost Vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Dogs

José E. Aparicio-Burgos, Laucel Ochoa-García, José Antonio Zepeda-Escobar, Shivali Gupta, Monisha Dhiman, José Simón Martínez, Roberto Montes de Oca-Jiménez, Margarita Val Arreola, Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego, Juan C. Vázquez-Chagoyán, Nisha Jain Garg

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001050

Schistosoma haematobium Treatment in 1–5 Year Old Children: Safety and Efficacy of the Antihelminthic Drug Praziquantel

Francisca Mutapi, Nadine Rujeni, Claire Bourke, Kate Mitchell, Laura Appleby, Norman Nausch, Nicholas Midzi, Takafira Mduluza

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001143

Preclinical Evaluation of Caprylic Acid-Fractionated IgG Antivenom for the Treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Envenoming in Papua New Guinea

Mariángela Vargas, Alvaro Segura, María Herrera, Mauren Villalta, Ricardo Estrada, Maykel Cerdas, Owen Paiva, Teatulohi Matainaho, Simon D. Jensen, Kenneth D. Winkel, Guillermo León, José María Gutiérrez, David J. Williams

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001144

Variation in Vector Competence for Dengue Viruses Does Not Depend on Mosquito Midgut Binding Affinity

Jonathan Cox, Heidi E. Brown, Rebeca Rico-Hesse

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 17, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001172

Comparative Gene Expression Analysis throughout the Life Cycle of Leishmania braziliensis: Diversity of Expression Profiles among Clinical Isolates

Vanessa Adaui, Denis Castillo, Mirko Zimic, Andres Gutierrez, Saskia Decuypere, Manu Vanaerschot, Simonne De Doncker, Kathy Schnorbusch, Ilse Maes, Gert Van der Auwera, Louis Maes, Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas, Jorge Arevalo, Jean-Claude Dujardin

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001021

Recent Food Shortage Is Associated with Leprosy Disease in Bangladesh: A Case-Control Study

Sabiena G. Feenstra, Quamrun Nahar, David Pahan, Linda Oskam, Jan Hendrik Richardus

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001029

Efficacy and Safety of Single and Double Doses of Ivermectin versus 7-Day High Dose Albendazole for Chronic Strongyloidiasis

Yupin Suputtamongkol, Nalinee Premasathian, Kid Bhumimuang, Duangdao Waywa, Surasak Nilganuwong, Ekkapun Karuphong, Thanomsak Anekthananon, Darawan Wanachiwanawin, Saowaluk Silpasakorn

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001044

Use of Saliva for Early Dengue Diagnosis

Grace Yap, Bijon Kumar Sil, Lee-Ching Ng

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001046

Tacaribe Virus but Not Junin Virus Infection Induces Cytokine Release from Primary Human Monocytes and Macrophages

Allison Groseth, Thomas Hoenen, Michaela Weber, Svenja Wolff, Astrid Herwig, Andreas Kaufmann, Stephan Becker

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001137

Seasonality and Prevalence of Leishmania major Infection in Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu-Lemaire from Two Neighboring Villages in Central Mali

Jennifer M. Anderson, Sibiry Samake, Giovanna Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Ibrahim Sissoko, Cheick A. Coulibaly, Bourama Traoré, Constance Soucko, Boubacar Guindo, Dansine Diarra, Michael P. Fay, Phillip G. Lawyer, Seydou Doumbia, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Shaden Kamhawi

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001139

Population Structure of Staphylococcus aureus from Remote African Babongo Pygmies

Frieder Schaumburg, Robin Köck, Alexander W. Friedrich, Solange Soulanoudjingar, Ulysse Ateba Ngoa, Christof von Eiff, Saadou Issifou, Peter G. Kremsner, Mathias Herrmann, Georg Peters, Karsten Becker

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 10, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001150

Mining a Cathepsin Inhibitor Library for New Antiparasitic Drug Leads

Kenny K. H. Ang, Joseline Ratnam, Jiri Gut, Jennifer Legac, Elizabeth Hansell, Zachary B. Mackey, Katarzyna M. Skrzypczynska, Anjan Debnath, Juan C. Engel, Philip J. Rosenthal, James H. McKerrow, Michelle R. Arkin, Adam R. Renslo

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001023

First Report of Colonies of Sylvatic Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the Paraguayan Chaco, Using a Trained Dog

Miriam Rolón, María Celeste Vega, Fabiola Román, Ana Gómez, Antonieta Rojas de Arias

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001026

Interruption and Defaulting of Multidrug Therapy against Leprosy: Population-Based Study in Brazil's Savannah Region

Jorg Heukelbach, Olga André Chichava, Alexcian Rodrigues de Oliveira, Kathrin Häfner, Friederike Walther, Carlos Henrique Morais de Alencar, Alberto Novaes Ramos Jr., Adriana Cavalcante Ferreira, Liana Ariza

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001031

Microarray-Based Analysis of Differential Gene Expression between Infective and Noninfective Larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis

Roshan Ramanathan, Sudhir Varma, José M. C. Ribeiro, Timothy G. Myers, Thomas J. Nolan, David Abraham, James B. Lok, Thomas B. Nutman

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001039

A New Approach to Dengue Fatal Cases Diagnosis: NS1 Antigen Capture in Tissues

Monique da Rocha Queiroz Lima, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira, Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Daniel Limonta, Flavia Barreto dos Santos

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: published May 3, 2011 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001147

Cover

Salivary gland of female Ixodes ricinus (Immunostaining, x 200).

Editorial

Viewpoints

Expert Commentary

Related Articles

Policy Platform

Review

Research Articles

Related Articles

Related Articles

**Salivary gland of female Ixodes ricinus (Immunostaining, x 200).**