Fig 1.
Entomological collections conducted in dry and rainy seasons of 2022-2023 in communities of District III of Managua, Nicaragua.
A) Rural (Nejapa) and Urban (Camilo Ortega) communities of District III. Black dots indicate the approximate distribution of study households. Geographic coordinates were randomly offset to obscure exact household locations. B) Street view of a typical household structure and adjacent road in Nejapa. C) Street view of typical household structures and adjacent road in Camilo Ortega. Map was generated using Quantum GIS (QGIS 3.30) using freely available administrative boundaries and map data from OpenStreetMap [65] for satellite imagery.
Table 1.
Entomological indices of Ae. aegypti and their definitions.
Table 2.
Generalized linear and generalized additive mixed models, fixed and random effect structure, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC).
Table 3.
Entomological collections of immature Ae. aegypti in urban and rural settings of Managua, Nicaragua, during dry and rainy seasons of 2022 and 2023.
Table 4.
Fixed-effect estimates from a generalized linear mixed model evaluating Ae. aegypti pupal abundance and water management.
Fig 2.
Ae. aegypti pupae collected in rural and urban communities of Managua, Nicaragua, during the rainy and dry seasons of 2022 and 2023.
A) Percentage of total containers found in the communities. B) Productivity of pupae per container. Green = other containers (e.g., jugs, animal water dishes, flowerpots, pieces of plastic, scrap metal, etc.).
Table 5.
Fixed-effect estimates from a generalized linear mixed model evaluating the association between household barrel management and Ae. aegypti pupal abundance.
Fig 3.
Entomological indices measured in rural and urban communities of District III of Managua, Nicaragua.
A) House index (HI). B) Container index (CI). C) Breteau index (BI). D) Pupae per house index (PHI). E) Pupae per containers index (PCI). F) Pupae per person index (PPI).
Fig 4.
Adult Aedes aegypti house indices for rural and urban communities of District III of Managua, Nicaragua.
A) Houses with adult Ae. aegypti (AI). B) Adult Ae. aegypti per house (AH). C) Adult Ae. aegypti per person (AP). D) Female Ae. aegypti per person (FP).
Fig 5.
Generalized Additive Mixed Model (GAMM) of pupal counts and female Ae. aegypti captured in District III of Managua, Nicaragua.
A) Predicted adult female counts across pupal gradients with 95% CI and observed data overlay. B) Smoothed GAMM function.
Table 6.
Fixed-effect estimates from a generalized additive mixed model evaluating factors associated with female adult Ae. aegypti abundance.