Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram illustrating the process of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of studies on human filarial infections (2000–2025).
Fig 2.
Geographical distribution of original studies on human filarial infections in Africa (2000–2025) that met the inclusion criteria of this review.
Base map layer: Natural Earth (Admin 0 – Countries, 1:10m). Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-countries/. Terms of use: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/b(public domain).
Fig 3.
Temporal trends and diagnostic methods, lymphatic filariasis in Africa (2000–2025).
Fig 4.
Temporal trends and diagnostic methods onchocerciasis in Africa (2000–2025).
Fig 5.
Temporal trends and diagnostic methods loiasis in Africa (2000–2025).
Fig 6.
Temporal trends and diagnostic methods mansonellosis in Africa (2000–2025).
Fig 7.
Geographic distribution of studies on (a) lymphatic filariasis, (b) onchocerciasis, (c) loiasis, (d) mansonellosis in Africa (2000–2025).
Base map layer: Natural Earth (Admin 0 – Countries, 1:10m). Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-countries/. Terms of use: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/b(public domain).