Fig 1.
Experimental workflow for fertilized egg preparation and processing to assess the vascular effects of Bothrops atrox venom on the chorioallantoic membrane.
The timeline reflects incubation days (d1–d9).
Fig 2.
Evaluation of the effect of increasing Bothrops atrox venom doses on the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane vascular network over time.
Fig 3.
The mean hemorrhagic area induced by various B. atrox venom doses at different time points.
* indicate significance compared to controls; # indicate significance compared to the 1 µg/egg group; ֍ indicate significance compared to the 50 µg/egg group.
Fig 4.
Analysis of vascular network architecture in chicken chorioallantoic membrane vascular network exposed to increasing doses of B. atrox venom over time.
(I): A typical image processed on ImageJ v 1.50i software; (II): The vascular network architecture processed on AngioTool v 0.6a software. Ring fields were photographed at ×10 magnification.
Fig 5.
Evaluation of the effect of various B. atrox venom doses on the structural parameters of the CAM vascular network of the 9-day-old egg.
Data are presented as percentages and standard deviation, with reference values (time 0s) set at 100%. (A): Vessels area, (B): Vessels length, (C): Junction number, and (D): Lacunarity. *p < 0.05 in comparison to the time point = 0 seconds for the same venom dose used.
Fig 6.
Histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin from 9ED chorioallantoic membranes treated with increasing doses of Bothrops atrox venom for 300s.
Symbols indicate: Normal tissue,
Blood vessel,
Edema,
Engorged blood vessel,
Necrosis,
Hemorrhage and leukocyte infiltration.