Table 1.
Climatic regions and river basins of Costa Rica, with the number of sampling sites and coding used for mapping.
Fig 1.
Sampling sites of freshwater crabs in Costa Rica across three major climatic regions (Caribbean, Pacific, and Northern Region).
The rivers of the Northern Region drain into Lake Nicaragua, although only the Costa Rican portion was surveyed during 2015 and 2016 in this study. River basins (A–O), elevation (m), and occurrence of Paragonimus spp. metacercariae are shown. Squares indicate P. mexicanus, triangles P. caliensis, and gray circles indicate the absence of Paragonimus. Map prepared by the authors; country borders were obtained from GeoBoundaries (https://www.geoboundaries.org).
Table 2.
Freshwater crab species collected in Costa Rica between March 2015 and August 2016. The table shows the number of infected individuals in relation to the number of collected individuals by sex.
Table 3.
Molecular identification of freshwater crab species infected with Paragonimus spp. in Costa Rica, based on 16S rRNA and COI gene sequences. Map codes refer to Table 1.
Table 4.
Prevalence of Paragonimus spp. infection in freshwater crabs by sex, climatic region, and river basin (March 2015 – August 2016). Values indicate the number of infected individuals per total examined, followed by prevalence (%) and 95% confidence intervals based on exact binomial calculations.
Table 5.
Published records of Paragonimus spp. infection in freshwater crabs (family Pseudothelphusidae) across Neotropics, including the results of the present study. Reported Paragonimus species are based on morphological or molecular identification as cited in the original references.