Table 1.
Diagnostic methods used in included studies of scabies among forcibly displaced populations.
Fig 1.
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of study selection for the systematic review and meta-analysis on the global pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, 2025.
Table 2.
Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis of scabies prevalence among forcibly displaced populations.
Fig 2.
Forest plot showing the global pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations.
This figure presents the overall prevalence estimate with 95% confidence intervals from the included 14 studies.
Fig 3.
Galbraith (radial) plot of the included 14 studies illustrating the magnitude of between-study heterogeneity.
Fig 4.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by continent.
This figure presents prevalence estimates from studies conducted in Asia, Africa, and Europe, highlighting regional variation.
Fig 5.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by subcontinent.
Prevalence estimates are shown for sub-regions including South Asia, Southern Europe, Central Europe, Central Africa, East Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East.
Fig 6.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by study setting.
Settings include refugee camps, internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, asylum seeker centers, and studies involving both refugee and asylum-seeking populations.
Fig 7.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by study population type.
The analysis distinguishes between studies conducted among patient populations, women and children under 15, unaccompanied minor refugees, adults- children, and those conducted among the general forcibly displaced population.
Fig 8.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by data collection method.
The subgroup analysis compares studies using clinical examination only, clinical examination combined with Questionnaires, questionnaire/interview-based methods, and physical examination only.
Fig 9.
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations, stratified by publication year.
Studies are grouped into two publication periods: 2014–2018 and 2019–2025, to examine possible temporal trends in reported prevalence.
Fig 10.
Sensitivity analysis plot assessing the influence of individual studies on the pooled prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations.
The figure illustrates the stability of the pooled estimate when each study is omitted sequentially from the meta-analysis.
Fig 11.
Funnel plot of the 14 studies included in the meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations.
The plot was used to visually assess potential publication bias (small study effects).
Fig 12.
Egger’s test plot for the 14 studies included in the meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of scabies among forcibly displaced populations.
The test was conducted to statistically evaluate the presence of publication bias (small study effects).