Fig 1.
Study area in South America and location of sampling points for sandflies (zone A, B, C), dogs and ectoparasites (zone D) in different ecotopes of the RBBM, Canindeyú, Paraguay.
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Table 1.
Distribution, geolocation, and frequency of CDC light trap placements across ecotopes, and number of sand flies collected per ecological zone in the RBBM, Canindeyú Department, Paraguay, from October 2020 to October 2021.
Table 2.
Distribution of phlebotomine sandfly species by ecotope and gender in the RBBM.
Fig 2.
Number and sex of Phlebotomine sandflies captured by season in the RBBM in the period 2020-2021.
Table 3.
Diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies species by season in the RBBM.
Table 4.
Number and percentage of female sandfly species infected with Leishmania spp. in the RBBM.
Table 5.
Number and infection percentages of female sandfly species with L. amazonensis and L. infantum in different ecotopes.
Table 6.
Abundance and ecological distribution of sandfly species positive for L. infantum and L. amazonensis identified by sequencing.
Fig 3.
Abundance of sandflies positive to Leishmania spp. distributed throughout traps and collection area.
Fig 4.
Diversity and abundance of Leishmania spp. positive sandflies species captured by season.
Fig 5.
Clinical signs associated with Leishmaniasis in dogs.
A. Skyn ulcer B. Alopecia C. Nail overgrowth D. Hair loss and skin ulcers.
Table 7.
Demographic characteristics and infection by Leishmania spp. of dogs and their ectoparasites of the Arroyo Bandera Indigenous Community.
Fig 6.
Percentage of the variety of clinical signs associated with leishmaniasis in dogs from the indigenous community of Arroyo Bandera.
Fig 7.
Principal component analysis (PCA), according to (A) Number of sandfly species per capture site (B) Total number of male and female of the species captured and the type of environment.
Fig 8.
Discriminant analysis of (A) capture sites (B) Sandfly abundance and their significant differences *(P < 0.05) and ***(P < 0.00) according to capture sites.