Fig 1.
Flowchart of the article selection process.
Fig 2.
Geographic distribution and frequency of scrub typhus immunofluorescence assay articles.
Base map shows country borders from Natural Earth (“Admin 0 – Countries”, medium resolution), accessed via the rnaturalearthdata R package (CC0 license; https://cran.r-project.org/package=rnaturalearthdata). The rnaturalearth interface package is MIT licensed (https://cran.r-project.org/package=rnaturalearth). Map data are in the public domain and freely available from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com).
Fig 3.
Variability in scrub typhus immunofluorescence assay IgM cut-off values across countries and study types.
Fig 4.
Variability in scrub typhus immunofluorescence assay IgG cut-off values across countries and study types.
Table 1.
A summary of antigenic strains identified in the selected articles was organised by the country where the indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed.
Fig 5.
Distribution of published study numbers and mean quality scores from 2006 to 2023.
Table 2.
Key policy priorities for standardising scrub typhus IFA and transitioning towards ELISA-based serology.