Fig 1.
This map shows the districts included in the surveys mentioned in this study. Colors correspond to region. Shapefiles accessed from https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-tza (Tanzania) and https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-moz (Mozambique). Contains information from OpenStreetMap and OpenStreetMap Foundation, which is made available under the Open Database License.
Table 1.
Cost data categories and examples of line items by phase of activity and type of item.
This table presents how line items were categorized within the cost data and provides examples of which items corresponded to each category. Each line item was assigned a single “activity” and “type” according to these categories for the costing analysis.
Table 2.
Enhanced trachoma prevalence survey costs by phase of activity and type of item in Tanzania and Mozambique.
This table shows the breakdown of total costs in each country by the categories described in Table 1: phase of activity and type of item. Percentages were calculated as the proportion of expenditures corresponding to each phase and type.
Table 3.
Cost per EU, cost per cluster, and cost per person surveyed using each trachoma evaluation method in Tanzania and Mozambique (2022 USD).
This table shows cost per EU, cost per cluster, and cost per person of each trachoma evaluation method for each country. While in practice, surveys involved all three evaluation methods, costs pertaining to each evaluation method (grading, swabs, or DBS) were isolated as described in methods. Some costs overlapped between methods. Table values were calculated by dividing total costs by number of EUs, clusters, and individuals screened in the surveys.
Table 4.
Cost per EU, cost per cluster, and cost per person surveyed using each trachoma evaluation method during enhanced TIS in Mozambique (2022 USD), comparing the actual costs incurred to a hypothetical local laboratory sample processing scenario.
This table shows the cost per EU, cost per cluster, and cost per person for each trachoma evaluation method for the realized Mozambique costs and the hypothetical scenario analysis substituting local laboratory costs. Mozambique actual costs reflect the same estimates for Mozambique in Table 3.
Table 5.
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) point estimates for swabs and DBS as part of enhanced trachoma prevalence surveys in Tanzania and Mozambique, compared with grading-only costs (2022 USD).
This table shows point estimates for incremental cost, additional instances of trachoma indicators identified, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the three evaluation methods in Tanzania and Mozambique. Values were calculated according to Equations 1–3 described in methods.
Fig 2.
Tanzania deterministic sensitivity analysis results plotted on cost-effectiveness planes, showing the change in incremental cost and incremental effect corresponding to a change in the value of a given parameter, holding all other parameters constant.
This figure shows the results from the deterministic sensitivity analysis for Tanzania plotted on individual cost-effectiveness planes for each parameter value. Each plot corresponds to the parameter that was varied according to its maximum and minimum values, holding all other parameters constant. Each point on the plot represents an ICER value, where color corresponds to the evaluation method and shape corresponds to the value used in the ICER calculation.
Fig 3.
Mozambique deterministic sensitivity analysis results plotted on cost-effectiveness planes, showing the change in incremental cost and incremental effect corresponding to a change in the value of a given parameter, holding all other parameters constant.
This figure shows the results from the deterministic sensitivity analysis for Mozambique plotted on individual cost-effectiveness planes for each parameter value. Each plot corresponds to the parameter that was varied according to its maximum and minimum values, holding all other parameters constant. Each point on the plot represents an ICER value, where color corresponds to the evaluation method and shape corresponds to the value used in the ICER calculation.
Table 6.
Percentage of variation in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) value explained by each parameter, by country and evaluation method.
This table shows the percentage of variation in ICER values accounted for by each parameter by evaluation method and country in the deterministic sensitivity analysis results. Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
Table 7.
Summary of probabilistic sensitivity analysis of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) results by country, evaluation method, and centile (2022 USD).
This table shows the ICER point estimates and 95% confidence intervals calculated from the deterministic sensitivity analysis results for each country and evaluation method.
Fig 4.
Tanzania probabilistic sensitivity analysis results showing incremental cost per person surveyed and additional instances of trachoma indicators identified for each of the three enhanced evaluation methods plotted on a cost-effectiveness plane.
This figure shows all 10,000 runs of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis for Tanzania. Each point represents a single ICER value, with color corresponding to evaluation method. The ellipse encompasses the 95% confidence interval.
Fig 5.
Mozambique probabilistic sensitivity analysis results showing incremental cost per person surveyed and additional instances of trachoma indicators identified for each of the three enhanced evaluation methods plotted on a cost-effectiveness plane.
This figure shows all 10,000 runs of the probabilistic sensitivity analysis for Mozambique. Each point represents a single ICER value, with color corresponding to evaluation method. The ellipse encompasses the 95% confidence interval.