Fig 1.
Review Methodology Search Results.
Figure displays the articles obtained and excluded at each step in the review process for studies regarding immune system dysfunction in acute and convalescent cases of Ebola Virus Disease and Lassa fever.
Fig 2.
Changes to Serum Biomarkers Among EVD Survivors.
Figure displays level of serum biomarkers in disease survivors in comparison to healthy controls. Biomarkers were grouped according to overall function as (A) Anti-Inflammatory mediators, (B) Immune cell activators, (C) Promoters of cell recruitment or migration, (D) Markers of tissue damage or severity of infection, or (E) Pro-Inflammatory mediators.
Fig 3.
Changes to Serum Biomarker Level Following Fatal EVD Infection.
Figure displays level of serum biomarkers in fatal Ebola infection in comparison to healthy controls. Biomarkers were grouped according to overall function as (A) Anti-Inflammatory mediators, (B) Promoters of Apoptosis, (C) Coagulation and Platelet Factors, (D) Immune cell activators, (E) Promoters of cell recruitment or migration, (F) Markers of tissue damage or severity of infection, (G) Mediators of Vascular Permeability, or (H) Pro-Inflammatory mediators.
Fig 4.
Observations of Changes to Innate Cell Frequencies Among EVD Survivors.
Figure displays number of studies reporting changes to frequencies of Innate Immune Cell Populations following Ebola Infection in disease survivors. Panels display (A) Monocytes and dendritic cells and (B) Basophils and Natural Killer Cells. All studies reporting changes to Innate Immune Cell Frequencies were compared to a group of healthy uninfected controls.
Fig 5.
Observations of Changes to Innate Cell Frequencies Following Fatal EVD Infection.
Figure displays number of studies reporting changes to frequencies of specific Innate Immune Cell Populations following Ebola Infection in fatal cases. All studies reporting changes to Innate Immune Cell Frequencies were compared to a group of healthy uninfected controls.
Fig 6.
Observations of Changes to T-cell Frequencies Among EVD Survivors.
Figure displays number of studies reporting changes to frequencies of specific T Cell Populations following Ebola Infection in disease survivors. All studies reporting changes to T Cell Frequencies among survivors were compared to a group of healthy uninfected controls.
Fig 7.
Observations of Changes to T-cell Frequencies Following Fatal EVD Infection.
Figure displays number of studies reporting changes to frequencies of specific T Cell Populations following Ebola Infection in fatal cases. The majority studies reporting changes to T Cell Frequencies among EVD were compared to a group of healthy uninfected controls except in those which compared fatal cases to survivors. This difference is noted by an *.
Fig 8.
Observations of Changes to B-cell Frequencies Among EVD Cases.
Figure displays number of studies reporting changes to frequencies of specific B Cell Populations following Ebola Infection in fatal cases and survivors. All studies reporting changes to B Cell Frequencies among survivors were compared to a group of healthy uninfected controls healthy. Except one study which examined changes to populations of B Cell frequencies among fatal cases compared to EVD survivors. This difference is noted by an *.
Table 1.
Antibody response following Ebola infection.
Fig 9.
Changes to Serum Biomarker Level among Lassa fever Survivors.
Figure displays level of serum biomarkers in disease survivors in comparison to healthy controls. Biomarkers were grouped according to overall function as (A) Anti-Inflammatory mediators, (B) Immune cell activators, (C) Promoters of cell recruitment or migration, (D) Markers of tissue damage or severity of infection, or (E) Pro-Inflammatory mediators.
Fig 10.
Changes to Serum Biomarkers following Fatal Lassa fever Infection.
Figure displays level of serum biomarkers in fatal Lassa fever infection in comparison to healthy controls. Biomarkers were grouped according to overall function as (A) Anti-Inflammatory mediators, (B) Promoters of Apoptosis, (C) Coagulation and Platelet Factors, (D) Immune cell activators, (E) Promoters of cell recruitment or migration, (F) Markers of tissue damage or severity of infection, (G) Mediators of Vascular Permeability, or (H) Pro-Inflammatory mediators. Mean values of reported biomarkers was determined when available and displayed above each column. Several studies did not report measurements and are labelled as Not Given (NG). All mean values are reported as pg/ml except those noted by * to indicate ng/ml and † to indicate µg/ml.
Table 2.
Antibody response following Lassa fever infection.