Table 1.
Frequency table.
Table 2.
Contribution- and importance-values of variables included in potential distribution models of triatomine species.
Fig 1.
Jackknife test results obtained with MaxEnt for (A) T. dimidiata, (B) T. mexicana, (C) T. gerstaeckeri and (D) T. barberi.
The navy-blue bar represents the gain from the model only with the variable. The turquoise bar represents the gain of the model if the variable is removed. The red bar represents the model gain with all variables included.
Fig 2.
Potential distribution model of T. dimidiata in the state of Hidalgo.
Colder tones represent the lowest presence probabilities (0.000001) while warmer shades represent the highest values (1). Municipal boundaries are delineated with black borders and identified with white circles containing the municipality name and number listed beside each enlarged section. Lighter grey lines demarcate the geocultural regions. Black dots signify species occurrence records used to train the MaxEnt model. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Fig 3.
Potential distribution model of T. mexicana in the state of Hidalgo.
Colder tones represent the lowest presence probabilities (0.000001) while warmer shades represent the highest values (0.999993). Municipal boundaries are delineated with black borders and identified with white circles containing the municipality name and number listed beside each enlarged section. Lighter grey lines demarcate the geocultural regions. Black dots signify species occurrence records used to train the MaxEnt model. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Fig 4.
Potential distribution model of T. gerstaeckeri in the state of Hidalgo.
Colder tones represent the lowest presence probabilities (0.000001) while warmer shades represent the highest values (1). Municipal boundaries are delineated with black borders and identified with white circles containing the municipality name and number listed beside each enlarged section. Lighter grey lines demarcate the geocultural regions. Black dots signify species occurrence records used to train the MaxEnt model. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Fig 5.
Potential distribution model of T. barberi in the state of Hidalgo.
Colder tones represent the lowest presence probabilities (0.000001) while warmer shades represent the highest values (0.999993). Municipal boundaries are delineated with black borders and identified with white circles containing the municipality name and number listed beside each enlarged section. Lighter grey lines demarcate the geocultural regions. Black dots signify species occurrence records used to train the MaxEnt model. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Table 3.
Number of specimens collected of T. dimidiata, T. mexicana and T. barberi in the experimental validation.
Fig 6.
Maps field validation sites of the domestic cycle for T. dimidiata, T. mexicana and T. barberi in Hidalgo state.
Validation sites are displayed in bold text. Colored dots locale collections for T. dimidiata (in pink), T. mexicana (in orange) and T. barberi (sky blue). Circle size proportionate specimen count. Municipal centers marked with red stars list historical records and species probabilities. The negative control site is outlined with a white “X”. A table provides probability ranges for selected sites, shaded from light gray (<0.75) to dark red (1). Municipal boundaries appear as purple lines and geocultural regions in light grey. The sites marked with an asterisk are the only ones with prior records. Photographs of representative specimens validate the identification of vector species collected during field validation. Aerial image, ESRI Satellite (ArcGIS/World_Imagery) by QuickMapServices of QGIS 3.34.7. (open access). [https://qms.nextgis.com/geoservices/1300/]. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Fig 7.
Concordance between presence/absence classifications from T. dimidiata and T. mexicana potential distribution models against field validation data targeted to the domestic cycle.
The background map depicts MaxEnt model probability representation of presence (red) and absence (dark gray). Data points show locations from our validation and Vector Control Program of the state of Hidalgo surveys. Colors represent concordance and discrepancy parameters of true positives (green), true negatives (blue), false positives (yellow) and false negatives (orange). The color ramp table exemplifies these parameters. Spatially overlaying the points on the model classification visually illustrates where agreements and mismatches occurred between inferences and empirical findings. Images depicting agreement and discrepancy were captured by zooming in on potential presence and absence sites from the binary maps, while vector species images were taken from specimens collected during field validation. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.
Fig 8.
Concordance between predicted presence/absence classifications from T. barberi and T. gerstaeckeri potential distribution models against field validation data targeted to the domestic cycle.
The background map depicts MaxEnt model probability mapping of presence (red) and absence (dark gray). Data points show locations from our validation and/ or by Vector Control Program of the state of Hidalgo surveys. Colors represent concordance and discrepancy parameters of true positives (green), true negatives (blue), false positives (yellow) and false negatives (orange). The color ramp table exemplifies these parameters. Spatially overlaying the points on the model classification visually illustrates where agreements and mismatches occurred between inferences and empirical findings. Images depicting agreement and discrepancy were captured by zooming in on potential presence and absence sites from the binary maps, while vector species images were taken from specimens collected during field validation. Base map: Hidalgo State Government, Geocultural Regions of the State of Hidalgo (open access). [https://sig.culturahidalgo.gob.mx/RGEH/] | INEGI,‘Geostatistical framework, 2022’ scale: 1:250000. National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Mexico. [https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463770541]. This information is also included at the bottom of the map.