Fig 1.
Frequencies of kdr mutant alleles (P
= 989P, G = 1016G, I = 1520I, C = 1534C, L = 1534L) and intron types (A = intron type A, B = intron type B) in different populations of India. The base map of India was created by the corresponding author and was previously published in PLoS One (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253173). It is reused here with appropriate attribution.
Table 1.
Primers used for kdr genotyping, intron haplotype identification, and DNA sequencing.
Fig 2.
Gel photograph of PCR used for genotyping intron haplotypes.
Samples in lanes 1, 4, 5 and 7 are molecularly confirmed through sanger sequencing for intron type. Abbreviations used: A = homozygous for intron A, B = homozygous for intron B, AB = heterozygous for introns A and B, -ve = negative control (no DNA), L = 100 bp DNA ladder.
Table 2.
kdr-genotypes and intron types scored in different populations.
Table 3.
Numbers of samples with different combinations of kdr-genotypes and intron types in different populations.
Table 4.
Haplotype definitions and their frequencies based on the Gibbs sampling strategy.
Fig 3.
Hypothetical model illustrating the evolution of the three haplogroups (G, L, and C) based on kdr mutations and intron types.
The 989P and 1520I mutations, occurring at lower frequencies than 1016G and 1534C, are assumed to have emerged later. (Abbreviation used: S = S989, P = 989P, A = intron type A, B = intron type B, V = V1016, G = 1016G, T = T1520, I = 1520I, F = F1534, C = 1534C, L = 1534L).